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in order to use wpa_cli, a control interface must be specified for wpa_supplicant, and it must be given the rights to update the configuration. Do this by creating a minimal configuration file:

(arch wiki)[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/WPA_supplicant#Connecting_with_wpa_cli]

/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
---
ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
update_config=1